自動(dòng)變速箱的誕生，極大簡(jiǎn)化了駕駛操作，提升了駕乘體驗(yàn)。隨著技術(shù)進(jìn)步，自動(dòng)變速箱類(lèi)型日益多樣，下面就來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)常見(jiàn)的幾種。

The birth of automatic transmissions greatly simplifies driving operations and enhances the driving experience. With the advancement of technology, the types of automatic transmissions are becoming increasingly diverse. Below are some common ones.

液力自動(dòng)變速箱（AT）

Hydraulic Automatic Transmission (AT)

工作原理與結(jié)構(gòu)

Working principle and structure

AT 歷史悠久、應(yīng)用廣泛。它由液力變矩器、行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)和液壓控制系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成。液力變矩器靠液體動(dòng)能傳遞動(dòng)力，緩沖換擋沖擊；行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)通過(guò)齒輪組合實(shí)現(xiàn)擋位變換；液壓控制系統(tǒng)依據(jù)車(chē)速、油門(mén)信號(hào)自動(dòng)換擋。

AT has a long history and wide applications. It consists of a hydraulic torque converter, a planetary gear mechanism, and a hydraulic control system. The hydraulic torque converter relies on liquid kinetic energy to transmit power and buffer shifting impact; The planetary gear mechanism achieves gear shift through gear combination; The hydraulic control system automatically shifts gears based on vehicle speed and throttle signals.

特點(diǎn)與應(yīng)用

characteristics and application

AT 換擋平順、可靠性強(qiáng)，能承受大扭矩，多應(yīng)用于中高端車(chē)型與大型 SUV，如寶馬、奔馳部分車(chē)型采用 8 速或 9 速 AT。但它結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、成本高，傳動(dòng)效率低，燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性欠佳。

AT has smooth shifting, strong reliability, and can withstand high torque. It is widely used in mid to high end models and large SUVs, such as some BMW and Mercedes Benz models that use 8-speed or 9-speed ATs. But it has a complex structure, high cost, low transmission efficiency, and poor fuel economy.

雙離合變速箱（DSG）

Dual clutch transmission (DSG)

工作原理與結(jié)構(gòu)

Working principle and structure

DSG 基于手動(dòng)變速箱研發(fā)，有兩組離合器，分別控制奇數(shù)擋和偶數(shù)擋，換擋時(shí)兩組離合器快速切換。DSG 分干式和濕式，前者靠空氣散熱，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、成本低；后者借助油液散熱，散熱佳、能承受大扭矩 。

DSG is based on the development of manual transmissions and has two sets of clutches, which control odd and even gears respectively. When shifting gears, the two sets of clutches quickly switch. DSG is divided into dry and wet types, with the former relying on air cooling, having a simple structure and low cost; The latter utilizes oil to dissipate heat, with excellent heat dissipation and the ability to withstand high torque.

特點(diǎn)與應(yīng)用

characteristics and application

DSG 換擋快、傳動(dòng)效率高，加速與燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性出色，大眾多款車(chē)型廣泛應(yīng)用。不過(guò)，干式 DSG 低速易頓挫，離合器片磨損快；濕式 DSG 雖可靠性高，但成本也高。

DSG has fast gear shifting, high transmission efficiency, excellent acceleration and fuel economy, and is widely used in multiple Volkswagen models. However, dry DSG is prone to jerking at low speeds and the clutch plates wear out quickly; Although wet DSG has high reliability, its cost is also high.

無(wú)級(jí)變速箱（CVT）

Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)

工作原理與結(jié)構(gòu)

Working principle and structure

CVT 用鋼帶或鏈條連接可變直徑滑輪，通過(guò)改變滑輪直徑實(shí)現(xiàn)傳動(dòng)比連續(xù)變化，讓換擋過(guò)程無(wú)頓挫，加速線(xiàn)性。

CVT uses steel belts or chains to connect variable diameter pulleys, and by changing the diameter of the pulleys, the transmission ratio can be continuously changed, allowing for seamless shifting and linear acceleration.

特點(diǎn)與應(yīng)用

characteristics and application

CVT 換擋平順，駕駛舒適性好，能提升燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性，日產(chǎn)、本田許多車(chē)型都有搭載。但高負(fù)荷時(shí)鋼帶或鏈條易打滑，限制其在高性能車(chē)型上的應(yīng)用，維修成本也較高。

CVT has smooth gear shifting, good driving comfort, and can improve fuel economy. It is equipped in many models of Nissan and Honda. However, steel belts or chains are prone to slipping under high loads, limiting their application in high-performance vehicle models and resulting in higher maintenance costs.

電控機(jī)械自動(dòng)變速箱（AMT）

Electronic Mechanical Automatic Transmission (AMT)

工作原理與結(jié)構(gòu)

Working principle and structure

AMT 由手動(dòng)變速箱改造而來(lái)，保留齒輪傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)，通過(guò)電子系統(tǒng)控制換擋與離合器操作，取消了離合器踏板。

AMT is modified from a manual gearbox, retaining the gear transmission mechanism and controlling gear shifting and clutch operation through an electronic system, eliminating the clutch pedal.

特點(diǎn)：AMT 結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、成本低、傳動(dòng)效率高，在商用車(chē)和經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車(chē)中應(yīng)用廣泛。但換擋時(shí)動(dòng)力中斷明顯，駕駛舒適性差，在乘用車(chē)市場(chǎng)應(yīng)用受限。

Features: AMT has a simple structure, low cost, and high transmission efficiency, and is widely used in commercial vehicles and economy sedans. However, the power interruption during gear shifting is significant and the driving comfort is poor, which limits its application in the passenger car market.

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